ስነ-ጽሑፍ ኣብ ኤርትራ ቅድሚ ምምጻእ መግዛእቲ

    ቅድሚክልተ ሽሕዓመት ኣቢሉ። ኣኽሱምከምጊላዊት ንግስነትማዕቢላትሉ ኣብ ዝነበረት ግዜ። እቲ ህዝቢ ናይ ገዛእ ርእሱ ፊደላት ብምምሃዝ ጽሑፋት ጀሚሩ ነይሩ’ዩ፣ እዚ  ከም ፉሉይ ኮይኑ ዝርአ። ኣፍሪቃዊ መበቆል ዘለዎ ካልእ ፊደላት። ኣብ ዝኾነ ካልእ ክፍልታት ኣፍሪቃ ዘይርከብ ብምዃኑ’ዩ፣ ከም’ዚ ዝኣመሰለ ፊደላት ብምህላዉ። ስነ-ጽሑፍ ኣብ ሃገርና ቀልጢፉን ብሰፊሑን ክምዕብል’ዩ ዝግባእ ነይሩ፣ ሓደ ካብ’ቲ ኣዝዩ ዘተሓሳስብ ነገራት። ህዝብና ምስ ክጥቀመሉ ዝኽእልን ኣብ ኢዱ ዝነበረ ፊደላትን ኣብ ኣዝዩ ትሑት ስነ-ጽሑፋዊ ምዕባለ ዝርከብ ምዃኑ’ዩ፣ ከም’ዚ ክኸውን ዝኸኣለ ቀንዲ ምኽንያት ብንጹር ንምፍላጥ እኳ። ስፍሕ ዝበለ መጽናዕቲ ብዛዕባ ኣመዓባብላ ጥንታዊ ስነ-ጽሑፍ ኣብ ሃገርና ምክያድ ዘድሊ እንተኾነ። ሓፈሻዊ ምኽንያታት
ምቕራብ ይከኣል’ዩ፣ ኣቐዲሙ ጥንታውያን ግሪኻውያንን ሮማውያንን በብቋንቁኦም። ብዛዕባሃይማኖት ጥራይ ዘይኮነ። ብዛዕባ ፍልስፍና።ታሪኽ። ማሕበራዊ ህይወት.. ግጥምታት። ዜማታት። ልብ ወለዳት ይጽሕፉ ከም ዝነበሩ ይፍለጥ፣ እዚ ብጥንታዊ ቋንቋታት ዝድረስ ዝነበረ ስነ ጽሑፋዊ ስርሓት። ብሰፊሑ ይንበብን ኣብ ክብ ዝበለ ትምህርታዊ ትካላት። ከም ትምህርቲ ይውሃብ ከም ዝነበረ።
    በቲ ህዝቢ ክፍለጥን ከም መንቀሊ ናይ ቀጻሊ ጽሑፋት ከገልግልን ከኣለ፣ቋንቋ ግእዝ ግን። ከም ቋንቋ ግሪኽን ላቲንን ዓቢ ተራ ክጻወት ኣይከኣለን፣ ብቐዳምነት ብግእዝ ዝተጻሕፉ ንሃይማኖት ዘይምልከቱ መጽሓፍቲ ብብዝሒ ዝነበሩ ኣይመስልን፣ ኣብ ሕብረተሰብና ብሰፊሑ ተዘርጊሑ ዝርከብ ናይ ግእዝ መጽሓፍቲ።ብቐጥታ ብዛዕባ ሃይማኖት’ዩ ዝዛረብ፣ እቲ ከም ‘ፍትሓ ነገስታት’ ዝኣመሰለ ብዛዕባ ሕግን ምምሕዳርን ዝሕብር እንተኾነ’ውን ሃይማኖታዊመበገሲ ዘለዎ’ዩ፣ እዚ እውን ዝበዝሐ ካብ ናይ ጥንቲ ናይ ኢብራይስጥ። ግሪኽ ወይ ዓረብ ዝተተርጎመ እምበር። ኣፍሪቃዊ መሰረት ዝነበሮ ኣይኮነን፣እዚ ኣዝዩ ሕጹር ትሕዝቶ’ዚ። ነቲ ናይ ግእዝ ስነ-ጽሑፍ ናብ’ቶም ዝወለዶም ቋንቋታት ዘመሓላልፎ ውርሻ ውሱን ክገብሮ ግድን’ዩ፣ ካብ’ዚ ዝገደድ ግን።
ግእዝ በተን ዝተፈላለያ ሴማውያን ቋንቋታት ትግረ። ትግርኛ። ኣምሓርኛ እናተተክአ ምስ ከደ ናይ ቤተ ክህነት ቋንቋ ኮይኑ ጥራይ ብምትራፉ። ምስ ስነ- ጽሑፍ ካብ’ቲ ህዝቢ ብምርሓቑን ኢዩ፣ ከም’ዚ ስለ ዝኾነ ቋንቋታት ትግረን ትግርኛን። በቲ ካብ ግእዝ ክወርስዎ ዝግብኦም ዝነበረ ፊደላት ከይተጠቕሙ ስለ ዝተረፉ። ከም መሰረት ናይ ቀጻሊ ምዕባለ ክኸውን ዝኽእል ስነ-ጽሑፋዊ
ታሪኽ ክገድፉ ኣይከኣሉን፣ ከም’ዚክበሃልኣንከሎ።ብፍላይቋንቋትግርኛንምጽሓፍፈተነታትኣይካየድን ማለት ኣይኮነን፣ ንኣብነት ሕግታት እንዳ’ባ ካብ መበል 16 ክፍለ ዘመን ኣቢሉ ክጸሓፍ ጀሚሩ ነይሩ ይበሃል፣ እቲ መበቆላዊ ቅድሓት ናይ’ዚ ሕግታት’ዚ
ግን። ብዝተፈላለየ ምኽንያታት ክርከብ ስለ ዘይከኣለን ኩሉ ሕግታት እንዳ’ባብቃልን ልምድን ካብ ዝተመሓላለፈ ተመጻርዩ ኢዩ ምስ ምምጻእ መግዛእቲ::
    ኢጣልያን እንግሊዝን ብጽሑፍ ክሰፍር ዝኸኣለ፣ ንኣብነት ብዛዕባ መበቆልሕጊ  ‘ኣድከመ ምልጋእ’ ክግለጽ እንከሎ። ኣብ’ቲ መቕድም ከም’ዚ ይብል።“…ስርዓት ኣድከመ ምልጋእ ብቓል ጥራይ ዝነበረ ከይመስለኩም። ኣቦታትና ከምዘዘንተውልና ጽሑፍ’ዩ ዝነበረ። ምቕማጡ ድማ ኣብ ደብሪ ኣቡነ ዮናስ’ዩ ዝነበረ፣ ብኩናትን ህውከትን ጠፊኡ ይበሃል፣” ስርዓት ‘ኣድግን ተገልቦን’ እውን
ተመሳሳሊ ዕድል ከም ዘጓነፎ ይግለጽ፣ ብዘይካ’ዚ ዝተጠቕሰ ሕግታት ካልእ ከም “ክርስቶስ ገብረመስቀል። ሸውዓተ ዓንሰባ..ወዘተ ዝኣመሰሉ። ብጽሑፍ ይሰፍር ነይሩ’ዩ፣ እንተ’ኾነ ግን ፈጺሙ ስለ ዝጠፍአ ወይ ድማ ኣብ ውሱን ቦታታት ተዓቂቡ ስለ ዝተረፈ። ከምመበገሲ ናይ ስነ-ጽሑፍ  ኮይኑ ከገልግል ኣይከኣለን፣ በዚ ምኽንያት’ዚ ዳርጋ’ቲ ኩሉ ኣብ ሕብረተሰብና ዝነበረ ልምድታት። ያታታት። ጽውጽዋያት። ደርፍታት…ወዘተ ብቓል ጥራይ’ዩ። ካብ ውሉድ ንወለዶ ክመሓላለፍ ዝጸንሐ፣ ላዕሊ-ላዕሊ ክርአ
እንከሎ እዚ ብቓል ዝመሓላለፍ ልምድታት ብዙሕ ኣገዳስነት ዘይብሉ ይመስል ይኸውን፣ እንተኾነ ግን ስነ ኣእሙራዊ  ኣቃውማ ናይ ሓደ ህዝብን ደረጃ ምዕባሊኡን ስለ ዝሕብር ከም ፍሉይ ኣርእስቲ ኣሕጽር ኣቢልካ። ምትንታኑ
ጠቓሚ’ዩ::

High School Love

Many people including me consider our high school years to be the best part of our life - and they have good reasons to feel this way. High school is a time of youth, rebelliousness, and hormones. It's the first time when we actually get a taste of freedom. Because of these reasons, high school relationships are often intense, full of possibilities, and may even lead up to a lifelong commitment or Pain for life long.

  When people meet in high school, this means that they meet during a time when they're still trying to figure out their identity. Our personalities during this delicate time are very dynamic - our interests, friends, and hobbies change constantly. Because of this, keeping a high school relationship takes a lot of energy and effort. The good thing about this is that we can use the high school love lessons later on in life.

Here are some of the lessons we learn from our high school relationships:

Love can be like a fairytale... until reality sets in.

Remember your first fight with your high school love? It probably seemed like the end of the world, but most high school girlfriends and boyfriends get over their first fight and reconcile. They also form a stronger bond after this. After your first fight with your first love, you'll learn that true love weathers through everything.

Look beyond appearances.

If you or one of your friends ever had a crush on the most unlikely people, you know exactly what I mean. Everyone seems to fall for the jocks and the cheerleaders, but once in a while, someone becomes attracted to the bookworms or the chess team captains. Just because a person doesn't have a pool or a nice car, it doesn't mean that they don't know how to sweep you off of your feet.

Let the other person know how you feel.

Most shy people regret not telling their high school crush about they way they felt - and they're right to feel this way. Regret is a hard thing to live with, and while we don't know this in high school, we'll know it a few years after graduation. The atmosphere that high school has is pretty much "live for the moment", and this is a philosophy that you should carry with you for the rest of your life. After all, you have nothing to lose. If the other person isn't open to feeling the same way about you, consider it their loss.

You win some, and you lose some.

Teenagers aren't exactly easy to gauge - it's hard to tell if someone likes you back or not. Whether you're asking someone out on a date or to the prom, you're bound to get rejected at least once. While rejections may hurt, it's best to keep in mind that there are more fish in the sea, and that someone out there will be happy to say "yes" to you. The rejections you get in high school tend to toughen you up, and they teach you to take pleasure in hope when things don't go your way.
Oh high School!!!!!

How To Hate A Person Whom You Love Very Much But He Doesn't Love You?

well if I'm not wrong It's very tough to hate a person whom you love very much, but he doesn't love you...it's also not really the answer. Hate is a very powerful, destructive emotion that tends to harm the person who feels it. Hate is dark and bitter - while it's easy to understand why you'd want to stop loving someone, because your love is not returned, hating them is not going to stop the pain, because feeling hatred is just another form of pain, directed mostly at the self.

Ways To Get Over Someone

• The best way to get over someone is simply to give yourself time to recover from the emotions you're feeling. Love may happen fast, but it can fade fast, too - especially when love is unrequited. When love is not returned, it tends to die; you could compare it to a plant that isn't receiving sunlight, water, and oxygen. In time, if your love is not returned, it will likely die a natural death. In a month, or a few months, your feelings will start to lose their intensity - that is a sign that you have reached some level of acceptance about the situation.

• Sometimes, when the pain of loving someone does not go away, it is a symptom that something is wrong; certain personality disorders, such as borderline personality disorder, can trigger painful obsessions with other people. Sometimes, the struggle of enduring unrequited love will also triggers mental disorders, such as depression. Luckily, these disorders can be soothed and eased with therapy. Finding a good therapist is an excellent way to take care of yourself while you are experiencing these emotions.

Hate is not the answer - loving yourself enough to move on is the key to a better life. There are millions of people on the planet, and one or many of them will be very happy to spend time with you, or to have the opportunity to love you. Instead of looking back in anger, look forward with hope.

History of the Legend Sheik Ibrahim Sultan Ali

Sheik Ibrahim Sultan Ali was born 1909 in KEREN. He was one of the original proponents of the Eritrean Independence movement. Ibrahim was born in the city of Keren where he was educated in Islamic and Italian schools. He worked closely with Aboy Woldeab Woldemariam before the Federation with Ethiopia to secure Eritrean Independence. He was the founder of the Eritrean Muslim League.

     Joining the Eritrean Rail Ibrahim Sultan worked as a chief conductor from 1922 to 1926. From 1926 to 1941, he was head of Islamic Affairs section under Italian rule. In 1943 he founded a modern cheese and dairy plant in Tesseney. which he ran until 1945. The Eritrean Chamber of Commerce (ECC)was established later in that year and he became one of its senior staff members until the end of September 1946. At that time he was very active member.

    At the United Nations, Ibrahim envisioned a violent battle for independence if the UN acted against ""Eritrean interests, The Eritrean people's cause is a just cause of the independence of people who refuse and reject any form of annexation, dismember or a return to the hated colonialism no matter what type it would be, whatever form it takes, or from which direction it comes. This indisputable right to independence to which our country is attached can not be ignored without creating a new area of strife in East Africa, since the Eritrean people will never accept Ethiopian domination."" Sheik Ibrahim Sultan, "Statement by the Chairman of the delegation of the Muslim's League of Eritrea". Fifth session at the UN in 21-11-1950.
   He was nominally a member of the Eritrean Liberation Front (E.L.F) he broke away in 1970 and formed the People's Liberation Forces, (P.L.F) in the 70th which was an immediate precursor to the Eritrean People's Liberation Front (E.P.L.F) where he was reunited with his old ally from the pre-federation period, Aboy Woldeab Woldemariam.

Sheik Ibrahim died on 1 September 1987 (what would become the Eritrean Revolution Day) in Cairo, after having been sick for almost 6 years. He was buried on 5 September in Kassala Sudan by his Family and Fellow Eritreans.

 One of his most memorable speech is  
"My children of Eritrea, make peace amongst yourselves. Be united; Don't be Muslims and Christians. Avoid religious, ethnic and regional differences and confront your foes by forging solid unity. Because Eritrea is Dearest for us ans for our generation to come"" He was Right at all.

Understanding Why Falling In Love Can Be So Painful

At one point in our lifetime, every single one of us will fall madly and deeply in love with another person. Whether the experience be labelled as a teenage crush, an innocent infatuation, a soul mate union or even forbidden lust, no-one escapes the arrows of. Cupid’s bow whilst gracing this earth. Falling in love can be one of the most beautiful experiences we will ever have.
     The feelings, un acquainted happiness, enthusiastic child-like joy and renewed passion for living life, can all be felt in abundance, leaving us content with having found our own sense of heaven on earth.
So, why is this same happiness experienced during love also the cause of so much misery and sadness in one’s life as well?
  Most cases of depression and suicides are rooted in situations where a person has fallen in love (over 50% of love marriages in the west end up in divorce).
A multi-billion dollar industry has been created via psychiatrists, self-help books, relationship guides, mentors, coaches etc to help people understand what happens during love, yet no one has been able to really understand why falling in love can be so painful. No-one except the ancient gurus, who as always, have documented everything in the ancient texts.
The mind-body complex is made up of a variety of layers including the body, mind, intellect and ego. The ego is our most subtle layer, and is the final step before reaching what the yogis call our Atman (universal divine soul within us all).
  Overcoming the ego is in essence the overriding goal of all spiritual quests. The ego is what gives us an individual sense of identity. At this moment in time, my ego is telling me that is it me who is writing this article, whilst your ego is telling you that you are reading the same post. Ego differentiates from one being to another, and it’s a natural tendency of the mind to attach itself to one’s ego. Ego is not present at birth; it only manifests in a baby around 18 months or so, when it starts to develop its own personal characteristics.
  Our whole childhood and adolescence is rooted in ego through education and environment. We become separated from one another at a young age through name, gender, height, academic abilities, talents, race, colour, behaviour etc, and learn to identify ourselves through the identities created for us. We can go through our entire lives establishing our sense of individuality through the ego, and never question any other form of existence.
  Ego is firmly rooted in the concepts we have in our minds, however, love bypasses the mind and is manifested in the heart. Love cannot bear separation and continuously yearns to be united with the target of its affection.
  Think back to when you were in love; even the moments where your beloved was sitting right next to you, did they not still seem so far away? We want to possess what we love, and submerge totally in another’s thoughts and feelings. In love, we totally lose ourselves, our sense of identity, our sense of purpose, and can spend our whole time thinking, feeling, pondering and fantasising about our partner.
Love creates compassion and unity with another being; ego craves for individuality and a sense of separation from the rest of the world. Here lies the root of relationship conflicts, and explains why falling in love can cause us so much inner turmoil and pain.
Ego and love cannot exist together in complete harmony; sure, there may be a compromise from both sides, and an uneasy marriage of the two components, but ultimately their differences are too vast to ensure any lasting union.
   When a relationship breaks up, many times we blame the “other” person for all the problems we faced, and fall into despair when they cannot reciprocate the way we want them to love us. Our hearts dictate that our partner should think, feel, speak, love and honour exactly the way we want.
Our partner is expected to be in totally tuned in with our own thoughts. Ego on the other hand can only exist when it becomes rooted in a sense of individuality. Ego determines; “I think…, I speak…, I feel…, I love… etc for myself and no one else.” This constant battle between these two internal facets is ultimately what can wear us down, and turn the beautiful experience of love into a painful and miserable experience.
  The way to come out of such feelings is simply to raise your own awareness of who you really are. By going beyond your own ego, you will realise you are so much more than the individual labels society has given you.
  We are all part of a divine consciousness where everything belongs to everyone. The same way your left eye does not get jealous of your right eye, your love for another being will never get distorted if you feel a strong sense of belongings to this entire creation. If the whole cosmos belongs to you, then surely your lover is also a part of you too. If your lover is already a part of you, how could you ever feel hurt or pain with whatever he or she does? Whether your lover reciprocates your feelings, or whether they reject your advances, it really does not matter. It’s our very own sense of identity and expectations which causes our own misery.
  Vivekananda (a well known physiology writer ) once wrote: “There is not a single blow we receive in this world, which we have not brought upon about ourselves.” The statement is highly controversial for most people, but he is speaking from an extremely elevated perspective, where he is referring to how our lack of awareness of our true infinite nature is the only cause of any problems we face in this world.
  Not everybody will comprehend this article, as we are now going beyond the scope of rationale thinking and entering the realms of logic knowledge. Yoga is a combination of experiencing life, and uncovering deep-rooted knowledge within. Falling in love is perhaps one of the most life-defining moments any of us will ever have, yet so little is understood about what really happens during the whole process.
  When falling in love, pain is inevitable, but prolonged misery can be optional simply by studying the essence of whom and what we really are. Yoga goes a long way towards guiding us to how our minds work, and how we can overcome any mental or emotional problems we may face along the way.