May In Eritrean History

Do you know the date and year:

-             When some Eritrean land was declared state land - ‘demeniale’ – by an infamous Italian decree?

-             When Hamid Idris Awated was martyred? 

-             When student protests against Ethiopia were started in Asmara? 

-             When the UN General Assembly voted by two-thirds majority to partition Eritrea but ‘game of nations’ changed the situation and another fortuitous vote of a small Caribbean country saved Eritrea from partition? 

Nharnet.com is pleased to present to its readers a list of important dates with  important events  in Eritrean history that occurred during the month of May. We will also present to you a brief account on how the partition plan was deliberated at UN forums during May 1949.

·          May 1957 – Asmara students start demonstrations (no specific date availed).

·          2 May 1889 -    Keren taken  by the Italians.

·          4 May 1952 - UN commissioner presented draft constitution for discussion and adoption by the Eritrean Assembly.

·          9 May 1949 – a 15-Nation sub-committee takes up debate on all proposals to resolve the questions of Eritrea, Libya and Somalia. The Bevin-Sforza plan prevails but was eventually reversed on 17 May 1949 (see details below).

·          11 May 1893 – Italians issue a decree to turn some land in  Eritrea to state ownership (so called ‘demaniale’ land) for agricultural use.

·          12 May 1988 – Massacre in Sheeb.

·          15 May 1902 – Setit border demarcated with Ethiopia.

·          17 May 1866 – Turkish Massawa becomes Egyptian.

·          22 May 1975 - the Second National Congress of the ELF ended after three-week deliberations with 949 delegates attending. Herui Tedla’s failure in the election provokes a debilitating crisis within the ELF.

·          22- 29 May - the Eritrean Women’s General Union (EWGU) held its first Congress in the liberated areas.

·          24 May 1991 – Ethiopian army defeated, Eritrea liberated.

·          24 May 1993 – independence declared, Eritrea becomes member of the UN.

·          28 May 1962 – Hamid Idris Awate martyred.

 The 17 May 1949 Vote on the Fate of Eritrea

Between the Potsdam, Germany, summit meeting of the World War II victors in August 1945 and the 2 December 1950 UN General Assembly vote to federate Eritrea with Ethiopia, countless proposals and recommendations drafted by various countries, sub-committees, committees and commissions were discussed about the future of our country. Each one of those proposals is an interesting reading in how ‘the game of nations’ is played in the international forums. The Bevin-Sforza Plan was only one of those proposals that did not work out. The plan, named after the foreign ministers of Britain  and Italy, proposed , inter alia,  the partition of Eritrea between Ethiopia and the Sudan. Ethiopia was for the partition plan with some initial ‘reluctance’. Eritrean delegations representing parties opposed to unity with Ethiopia were present at the UN corridors to foil the plan.  But Eritrean opposition was not counting much. It was mainly due to other factors that the partition of Eritrea was averted. The paragraphs below will briefly recount what that project was and how it was not put to effect.

Starting on 6 April 1949, the already hot debate in the UN on the future of former Italian possessions in Africa intensified when the American delegate, John Foster Dulles, proposed on 9 May 1949 that a 15-Nation sub-committee should restart reviewing all the proposals tabled on the question of Eritrea and other Italian colonies. His proposal was accepted and the 15-Nation sub-committee started its deliberations to finally submit an acceptable project for further review by the  First Committee of the General Assembly. The First Committee was a powerful body that included a representative from each member state.

The 15-Nation sub-committee reviewed all the proposals but preferred the Bevin-Sforza plan for the former Italian colonies. Vote on the Bevin-Sforza plan was 10 for, with 4 against and 1 abstention.  Then the plan was submitted to the First Committee.

On 17 May, the First Committee introduced a few changes and presented the plan to the UN General Assembly  as follows:

1.                  Eritrea, except the western province, to be incorporated to Ethiopia, with  the cities of Asmara and Massawa to be granted a special status with  municipal charters. The incorporation of the rest of Eritrea to the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan would be open for further discussion.

2.                  Somalia to be placed under Italian trusteeship for a period left to be  defined by the General Assembly.

3.                  Libya to be granted independence after 10 years. But during those 10 years, the provinces, of Cyrenaica, Fezzan and Tripolitania would be under the trusteeship of Britain, France and Italy, respectively.

The UN General Assembly reviewed the plan and was highly expected to adopt without any problem the recommendation of the First Committee because every UN member state had a representative in that important committee and it seemed little would change. It went as follows:

1.                  The partition plan of Eritrea was passed in the General Assembly by 37 votes in favour of the Bevin-Sforza plan, 11 against and 10 abstentions. It thus seemed that the fate of the “former Italian colony of Eritrea” was sealed.

2.                  The Libyan issue had a number of sub-proposals. The General Assembly voted for reunited Libya’s independence after 10 years with 48 votes for, 8 against and 1 abstention. However, what was important was who should rule the three parts of Libya during the 10-year trusteeship period. It went as follows:

a)                                          Britain’s trusteeship over Cyrenaica was adopted 36 in favour, 17 against and 6 abstentions;

b)                                          b) French trusteeship over Fezzan was adopted by 36 in favour, 15 against and 7 abstentions;

c)                                          but, the proposal of Italian trusteeship over Tripolitania was short of one vote to obtain the required two-thirds majority in the General Assembly.  Haiti, which was NOT expected to vote against the Bevin –Sforza package on former Italian colonies voted AGAINST plan.

3.                  Again when the question of Italian trusteeship over Somalia was put to voting, the Haitian delegate to the United Nations, Senator St. Lot, voted

AGAINST. Senator St. Lot had direct instructions from the Haitian president of the day to vote for the Bevin-Sforza Plan, but the man opposed his head of state and voted as he saw it right.  (He later justified his voting to had been based on his anti-colonialist feeling - against the return of Italy to Somalia and part of Libya. Others alleged that he was ‘bribed’ by Arab delegates who opposed the delay to grant independence to Libya.).

This was a big shock to USA, to UK and to Italy with its large Latin American bloc. Under this situation, many countries which until then supported the plan did not see it feasible and asked that it be put to new voting as one package – the Bevin-Sforza package. This meant that the General Assembly would not go ahead with its decision already reached regarding Eritrea and the two provinces of Libya (Cyrenaica and Fezzan) because the fate of Tripolitania was left pending. In a final vote on the package, the Bevin-Sforza plan was, ironically, rejected by  37 votes against, 14 in favour and 7 abstentions.

Thus, because of the decisive Haitian vote, the already reached decision of the General Assembly on the partition of Eritrea became null and void and the question of Eritrea was to be subjected to another review. Ethiopia was not happy that the partition ended that way but it was too late for her and her allies to save it.  On the other hand, Sheikh Ibrahim Sultan Ali and his delegation rejoiced at the defeat of the partition plan, and started preparing themselves for the next round of ‘fact findings’ and ‘inquiries’ on the fate of this his country – i.e. this Eritrea of ours which is not yet in peace with itself and with its same old neighbours.

Action Group for Eritrea (AGE) deplores sanctions against Eritrea

   On Wednesday December 23 2009, the UN Security Council, through Resolution 1907 (2009), imposed a number of sanctions against Eritrea. The pretext behind the sanctions is that Eritrea has been providing support to the insurgents in Somalia as well as refusing to withdraw its troops to the ‘status quo ante’ prior to the little known conflict between Djibouti and Eritrea around their common border.
S/RES/1907 (2009) was passed despite a telling absence of credible evidence to support the allegations that were made against Eritrea. On Wednesday December 23 2009, a few hours before the sanctions were passed, members of AGE and representatives of other British based Eritrean organisations including the Eritrean Youth Association in the UK (EYAUK) and Eritrean Relief Association in UK (ERA-UK), held a meeting with the British Foreign and Commonwealth Office (FCO).
During the meeting, the representatives presented a strong case pointing to the flaws of accusations made against Eritrea. We stated that the body of evidence that had been put forward as proof by the UN Arms Monitoring Group was rife with unfounded fabrications and unqualified false claims that cannot be independently verified. According to the FCO however, the British government had in fact evidence to demonstrate that the Eritrean government has been extending financial support to two ‘insurgent’ groups in Somalia. When they were asked to disclose what this evidence is, or indeed what kind of support the Eritrean government has allegedly been providing, we were told that the information was classified and could not be made available to us. Furthermore, the British Ambassador to the UN could not even make the so-called evidence available to other members of the Security Council before it voted on Resolution 1907 (2009). We challenged many of their accusations and whilst we received their seemingly undivided attention, we came away certain that the British government had no evidence available, proving that its aim was just a case of hit-now-and-explain-later, as has been the case in the past.
The Action Group for Eritrea, after careful and detailed consideration of the matter, takes the following stand:
Given that no credible evidence has been presented that could have justified the sanction and that the decision of the UN Security Council is made based on fabricated lies;
Being aware of the fact that the motives for taking the sanctions are not in any way intended to bring peace to Somalia or the region as a whole;
Fully convinced that the conflict in Somalia and the crises in the region as a whole are perpetuated by external forces and that Eritrea is being used as a scapegoat;
Considering that the UN Security Council failed to shoulder its responsibility of taking action against Ethiopia for violating the final and binding legal decision of the Permanent Court of Arbitration and illegally occupying Eritrea’s sovereign territory to this day;
Noting that the UN Arms Monitoring Group made equal allegations against Ethiopia in violating the Somali Arms Embargo, but has remained unaffected by any threats or sanctions;
Bearing in mind that the UN Security Council’s Somalia Sanctions Committee admits that “eighty percent of ammunition available at the Somali arms markets was supplied by TFG and Ethiopian troops”, as well as AMISOM troops;
Aware of the historical injustices perpetuated by the same international body in 1950 in forcing the federation between Eritrea and Ethiopia which led to the 30 years of bloody war;
Understanding that the consequences of the sanctions would be detrimental to the ordinary people of Eritrea;
We strongly believe, in view of the above, that the decision of the UN Security Council is politically motivated and is intended to weaken Eritrea as well as create an imbalance of power in the region. The sanctions, as well as laying down an arms embargo against Eritrea, the freezing of assets and travel ban on Eritrean government officials, are mainly aimed at creating an Eritrea that is economically and militarily weak. We hold the UN Security Council responsible for any deterioration in peace and security of the region as a result of this irresponsible action.
We also deplore the actions of the British government for being one of the main architects of this historic injustice and for playing a negative role in the region for the past ten years.
Hence, the Action Group for Eritrea joins hands with the overwhelming majority of the Eritrean people in condemning this unmerited action by the UN Security Council which will be remembered as yet another historic betrayal of a member state. We urge the UN Security Council members to reconsider and revoke the unjust sanction and make amends with the people and State of Eritrea.
While the people of Eritrea will no doubt outlive these sanctions, they will never forget those who have played a leading role in this flagrant attempt to harm them. Nor shall the people overlook the role of the peripheral countries which willingly played various parts in this concerted effort to debase Eritreans.
At this historic juncture, we stand with the people of Eritrea and commit ourselves to defend the interest of the people of Eritrea and work to bring peace and stability in the region. We do not have a shred of doubt that the people of Eritrea and justice will prevail yet again.

The Silent Ways He Says "I Love You"

I bribed my braver friends to break the male code of silence. If he does any of the following, he's pretty much saying, you know, that phrase and the hint of his mind to read 

You catch him staring at your eyes.
The eyes are more than just windows to a man's soul, they can also be a tattletale to what's welling in his heart. Men always ogle the objects they desire — it's the reason you're always busting us cleavage-peeping. So consider: With all that eye candy out there, if it's you he's staring at, his affection runs deep. There are two types of I-love-you looks. There's the secret stare (you'll have to catch him in the act). "Watching my girlfriend at a party allows me a private moment when I can pinch myself and wonder how I deserve this amazing person in my life — a perspective I can't get when she's right there in front of me," says Patrick, 30.

Then there's the steady gaze. Guys are guarded when it comes to showing emotion. If they lock eyes for a full-tilt, unabashed stare, they're lowering their shield to let you in. "I'd never hold that sort of eye contact with anyone else, but an intense gaze with my girlfriend reflects how comforted and captivated I am by her," says Chip, 29.

He stocks his kitchen with stuff you like.
Discovering that his kitchen is loaded with biscotti, lemon-lime seltzer, and other feminine edibles (that would only pass his lips at gunpoint) shows you're lingering on his mind in the most unexpected, unromantic places — like the produce aisle on a solo shopping trip. "One day I checked out my shopping cart and saw all the bags of baby carrots and bottles of diet soda meant for my girlfriend," says Patrick. "It struck me that it had become second nature for me to consider what would make her happy, and that's when I knew I was in love."

Furthermore, stocking up means he's gone public with your place in his pad. You see, men like to maintain at least the image of being detached for as long as possible. So leaving unmistakable evidence in our home that there's a woman present in our life is a bright red flag that you're The One.

He talks about where he wants to live in three years.
Telling you he plans to relocate out West one day may seem like a neon warning not to get any long-term ideas because your man's getting set to leave you in the dust. However, it might also be his wily way of letting you know that he wants you in his future. "Every time I tell my girlfriend where I see 'me' down the road, I'm really trying to gauge whether she sees herself there with me," says Jon, 26. So how do you know when a guy's just bragging about his grand game plan and when he's quietly declaring his love? It's all in the way he talks. If he tells you he wants to move to Tahiti, be a beach bum, and ogle the local girls, no dice. If he mentions that he sees himself eventually settling in San Francisco, then immediately asks if you could ever envision living there, he's emitting serious long-term relationship rays.
K.L

Choosing loneliness?

Do you ever wonder if you choose being lonely? cause when i think about it there are so many chances that i have missed out and people i have let down cause maybe i was depressed or i felt like i didn't belong with them or.. i know it probably sounds silly and it makes me sound very shallow but i often feel that having friends and a social life really is not worth if your friends are not like-minded people.. I rather spend my time alone doing something i enjoy then being with people just cause..

What i am trying to say is i understand that there are people out there who are genuinely lonely and it is not a choice and you have tried to make friends but have not been able to but then there is people like me. Who often rather stay in, read a book, watch a movie, listen to music, daydream.. i daydream so much that my standards is getting to high, it is awful and i wish it would go away.. Whenever i am around real people i get so disappointed and i just wanna go back to my head where everything and everybody is perfect. Or maybe my friends are out there somewhere? And sometimes i think maybe some are not meant to have friends.

ما هي أنواع العائلة؟

في العقود القليلة الماضية ، شهد العالم تغيرات كبيرة في مواجهة الأسرة. منذ عام 1975، تضاعف معدل الطلاق مما أدى إلى زيادة الأسر ذات العائل الواحد، تكرار الزواج والعائلات الموسعة. هذا هو مناقشة العديد من التعريفات "الأسرة" وكيف أنها تدل على التغيرات التي تحدث داخل الأسرة.
هناك أماكن كثيرة لجمع المعلومات عن الأسرة والأشكال المختلفة التي كان موجودا فيها مصدر واحد مثل هذا التعداد الكندية. بناء على معلومات من تعداد الكندية، حافظ الآباء واحدة 27.3 ٪ من الأسر التي لديها أطفال العائلة الخاصة دون سن 18 عاما. كان هناك 2100000 الد الطفل و 9.8 مليون عائلة الأم والطفل. في مجموعات عائلية الأم والطفل، كان 42.2 في المئة من الأمهات لم يكن متزوجا.

معظم الوقت عندما يكون الشخص يفكر في تعريف الأسرة ، وصورة الأم والأب والأطفال ما يأتي إلى الذهن. هذا هو في الواقع تعريف الأسرة النووية، وهي الآباء والأطفال واحدا أو أكثر. ومع ذلك ، هناك المزيد من التعاريف التي يمكن استخدامها لتعريف الأسرة مثل الأسرة ذات العائل الواحد الذي هو أحد الوالدين والطفل أو الأطفال. الأسرة الممتدة عندما أسرة نووية أو عائلة واحدة تعيش مع والد أي من أفراد الأسرة الممتدة.

وحدات عائلية تتخذ أشكالا مختلفة، وكلها تنطوي على الأفراد الذين يعيشون تحت سقف واحد. شكل العائلة أو هيكل لا يشير إلى مدى صحة الأسرة أو كيفية عملها. شكل الأسرة هو مجرد ماكياج المادية للأفراد الأسرة في العلاقة مع بعضها البعض دون احترام للأدوار والوظائف. مجموعة متنوعة من أشكال الأسرة قد يستغرق ويشمل

ዕላል ቀዳሞት

    ጽሑፍ ኣብ ዘይነበረሉ ዓንዲ-ማእከል ሓበሬታ እዩ ኔሩ። ታሪኽ የውርስ፣ ህሉው ኩነታት የረድእ፣ ክስተታት መጻኢ ይእንፍት። እቲ ምትሕልላፍ፣ ካብ ኣፍ ናብ ኣፍ፣ ካብ ዓቢ ናብ ንእሽቶ፣ ካብ ዝፈለጠ ናብ ዘይፈለጠ፣ ወዘተ… እዩ። ገሊኦም ሕገ- ልቦና ይብልዎ፣ ገሊኦም ድማ ኣፈ-ታሪኽ ይብልዎ። ልሳን ህዝብን ኣፈ-መንግስትን እውን እዩ።ጽሑፍ ምስ ተማህዘ’ውን ኣገዳስነቱ ኣይሃሰሰን። ኣብዚ ዘለናዮ ዘመነ ሓበሬታ ተባሂሉ ዝፍለጥ ዘመን’ውን መልክዑ ደኣ ቀዪሩ እምበር ክጠፍእ’ሲ ኣይከኣለን። ባህሊ ኣለዎ፣ ወግዒ ኣለዎ፣ ኣገባብ ከኣ ኣለዎ፣ ‘ዕላል ቀደም’ ፣ ‘ዕላል ሎሚ’ ኢልና እንተንፈላልዮ ምስ የማነ ባርያ ምቖዘምና፣ ‘’ ከም ሎሚ ከይኮነ ብማዕዶ ሰላምታ’’ ተኣኪብና ንምዕላል ዕድል ምስተሳእነ እዩ የማነ ባርያ ነዛ ደርፊ ሰሪሑዋ።ምዝራብ እምበር ምዕላል ቀሊል ከምዘይኮነ፣ ሓሲብናሉ ዶ ንፈልጥ? ኣብ መንጎ ምዝራብን ምዕላልን፣ ውሑድ ዝምድና እዩ ዘሎ። ከምቲ ኣብ መንጎ ምርኣይን ምስትብሃልን ዘሎ ፍልልይ ማለት’ዩ። ምዝራብ ምስማዕ እንተኾይኑ፣ ምዕላል ከኣ ምስትውዓል ይኸውን።‘’ኣዋህልል’’ ይብሉ ዓበይቲ፣ ‘ቅድሚ ምዝራብካ ስማዕ’ ማለቶም እዩ። ‘ህ’ በል ይብሉኻ፣ ዘረባኦም ንምጅማር ወይ ንምቕጻል። ከምዚ ናይ ሎሚ ግዜ ዘይበልካ እነኾንካ፣ ካብ ንምስማዕ ንምዝራብ ስለእትቕልጥፍ፣ኣይተቃልበሎምን። ሽዑ፣ ነቲ ታሪኽ ሒዞም ይቕበሩ። ክብርታት ባህሊ ምስኦም ይቕበር። ንስኻ ግን ሬሳ ጥራይ ዘፋነኻ እዩ ዝመስለካ።
   ‘ህ’ ምስተበሃልካ፣ ‘’ህ’’ንምባል እንተመሪጽካ ድን መሳኹቲ ኣእዛንካ ምስጢራት ንምቕባል ኣርሒኻ ኣለኻ ማለት’ዩ። ‘ሓደ እዋን፣ ሓደ ወረጃ ከምዝኸማኹም’ ኢሎም ይጅምሩልካ። ጽቡቕ ናይ ሰብ ክለዓል ከሎ፣ ብባህላዊ ኣዘራርባ ብናይ ሰማዒ እዩ ዝዝንቶ። ‘’ትሕሽዎ ደኣ!’’ ክትብል ኣለካ፣ ናእዳ ተቐቢልካ ምስቃጥ ግቡእ ስለዘይኮነ። እንካን -ሃባን ዝሕመረቱ ባህሊ ዕላል እዩ ዘለና።
ሕማቕ ናይ ሰብ ክለዓል ከሎ ድማ፣ ብባህላዊ ኣዘራርባ ብናይ ተዛራብ እዩ ዝዝንቶ። ‘እቲ ለባም ሰብኣይ፣ ከምዝኸማይ፣ ዘይስተውዕል ኣገልጋሊ ነበሮም’’ ይብሉኻ፣ ጭራኦም ነስ እናበሉ። ‘’ኣባይኩም፣ ኣባይኩም እባ ደኣ!’’ ክትብል ትጽቢት ይግበረልካ። ኣባይኩም ማለት፣ መጻርርትኹም፣ ጸላኢኹም ወዘተ ማለት እዩ። ‘ጸላኢኹም ይዓሹ እምበር፣ ንስኹምሲ ለባም ኢኹም’ ኢኻ ትብሎም ዘለኻ። ክብራን ተኸባቢራን። እዚ’ውን ባህሊ እዩ። ሓድሕድ ምክብባር ዝመሰረቱ፣ ባህሊ ዕላል። ሰማዒ ኩሉ ግዜ ኣብ ባህላዊ ዕላል ክቡር እዩ። ናቱ ጽልዋ እዩ ክሳብ ሎሚ ማዕከናት ዜናና፣ ‘ዝኸበርኩም ሰማዕትና’ ዝብላ። ዕድል እንተዝወሃበኩም ድማ -ዝኸበርኩም ኣዳለውቲ- ከም እትብሉ ብህላዊ ኣተሓሳስባና ንጹር ይገብሮ።
ብዛዕባ ስነ-ሰብ ዘጽንዑ ሊዋውንቲ ከምዝብሎ፣ ወድ ሰብ ናይ ምዝራብ ጥራይ ዘይኮነ፣ ናይ ምዕላል፣ ባህርያዊ ትዕድልቲ ስለዘለዎ እዩ ካብ ካልኦት እንስሳታት ዝፍለ። ምዕላል ክልተ መዳያዊ እዩ። ምስማዕን ምዝራብን። ምስማዕ፣ ንነገራት ክትርዳእ ምኽኣል ማለት ክኸውን እንከሎ፣ ምዝራብ ከኣ ንፍጻሜታት፣ ሓሳባት ወዘተ ከተዘንቱ ምኽኣል ማለት እዩ። ሰብ በዚ ባህርያዊ ትዕድልቱ ወትሩ ንዕላል እናናፈቐ እዩ ዝነብር። ‘ዕላልኪ ናፊቐዩ’ ድዩ ዝበለ ታረቀ ተስፋሂወት?!
ሰበይቲ፣ ናውቲ ቡን ቀራሪባ ንምእታ ሰብኣያ እተቋምተሉ፣ ኣብ መንገዲ ንዝረኸብካዮ ‘ሓደ-ሃደ’ ንበል እትብሎ፣ ምስ ኣፍቃሪትካ እትቋጸረሉ ምኽንያት፣ ወዘተ… ብቐንዱ ስለምንታይ እዩ ኢልና እተሓሲብና፣ ንእንታይነትን፣ ኣገዳስነት ላል’ዩ ኣጉሊሑ ዘርእየና። ኣብ ዕላል ኩሉ ክብርታት ሕብረተሰብ ተጠቕሊሉ ኣሎ። ሞራላዊ ወይ ስነ-ምግባራዊ ክብርታት፣ ዋና መተሓላለፊ መስመሩ፣ ዕላል እዩ። እቶም ብዙሕ ዘዕልሉ፣ ብዙሕ ይረዳድኡ፣ ብዙሕ ድማ ይፋቐሩ። ‘ሓባእ ቁሱሉ ሓባእ ፈውሱ’ ከምዝበሃል፣ ካብቲ ዘየዕልል፣ እቲ ዘዕልል እዩ ዝወሓደ ሽግር ዘለዎ። እታ ዘይተዕልል ስድራ፣ ንኽትበታተን ልዑል ተኽእሎ ኣለዋ፣ ድማ ይብሉ ናይ ስነ-ልቦና ኣማኸርቲ። ረብሓታት ዕላል ዘርዚርካ ዝውዳእ ኣይኮነን።
     ንዕላል ከም ኣርእስቲ ኣልዒልካ፣ ንኣቶ ፍረ-ሓንስ ከይጠቐስካ ምሕላፍ፣ ዝከኣል ኣይመስልንን። ሹመኛ ምስ ኮኑ፣ ሹም ፍረ-ሓንስ ስለዝተባህሉ፣ ዝያዳ በዚ ስም እዚ እዮም ዝፍለጡ። ብዙሕ አረካብ ዘረባ ስለዝነበሮም ከኣ ነዚ ዓውዲ እቲ ኣብ ዝምልከት ኣብ ብዙሕ ተጠቒሶም ንረኽቦም።
ሹም ፍረ-ሓንስ ብዕራይ ሒዞም እናገሹ፣ ምድሪ ስለዝመሰዮም፣ ኣብ ሓንቲ ዓዲ ኣላጊሶም ይበሃል፣ ምስ ዕራዮም ስለዝኾኑ ድማ መሕደሪ ምርካብ ቀሊል ኣይነበረን።
    ‘ህ’ ዶ ክንብል፣ ወይስ ግዜ የብልናን?! ብዝኾነ ቆልዓ እታ ዓዲ ምስ ቆልዓ ጎዶቦ እናተጻወቱ፣ ቆልዓ እቲ ጎዶቦ ስለዝሞተ፣ ዓዲ ብኸመይ ነቲ ደም ከምእተደቅሶ ተዋጢራ እያ ኔራ። ‘ደሓን ዶ ኣምሲኽን’ ኢሎመን፣ ነደ እቲ ቆልዓ። ሰን ብወደን ንሶም ብመሕደሪ ተዋጢሮም እዮም ኔሮም። ‘እዚ ብዕራይ ዒባ ይገድፍ፣ ኣነ ከኣ ዘረባ እገድፍ’’ ኣስዒቦም ሽምፍረ-ሓንስ፣ ዘረባኦም ተስፋ ስለዝሃበን ኣሕዲረናኦም።ክእለት ዘረባ፣ ኣብ ዕላል እዩ ዝጥረ። ናይ ምዕላልን ምዝራብን ክእለት ዘለዎ፣ ሞጊቱ ናይ ምርታዕ ልዑል ተኽኦ ከምዘለዎ፣ ዕለታዊ ተሞኩሮና ዝምስክሮ ሓቂ እዩ። ከምቲ ንኣገባብ ኣጸሓሕፋ ዝምልከት ዝወሃብ ትምህርቲ ናይ ዕላል ቤት ትምህርቲ እንተዝህሉ ኢልካ ምሕሳብ እንታይ መስለኩም? ምተመሃርና እሞ መዕለልና።
ዕላል እንታይ እዩ? ብኸመይ ትጅምሮ፣ ሕቡእ መልእኽቲ ዕላል ከ ብኸመይ ኢኻ ተለልዮ? ኣገዳስነት ምሳሌኣዊ ኣበሃህላ ኣብ ዕላል እንታይ እዩ? ወዘተ… እንተንመሃሮ፣ ኣብ ብልሒ ኣእምሮና ከምጽኦ ዝኽእል ለውጢ፣ ርኡይ ይመስለኒ፣ ንዕላል ብኩለንትናኡ ክትርድኦ ምኽኣል ማለት ንነገራት፣ ብደቂቕ ወይ ብረቂቕ ክትርዳእ ምኽኣል ማለት ስለዝኾነ፣ በዚ ናይዚ ዘመን ኣዘራርባ ንናይ ዲፕሎማሰኛታት ቋንቋ ዘርዚርካ ክትፈትሕ ምኽኣል ማለት እዩ። ረብሓ ዕላል ኣቃሊልካ ዝረአ ኣይኮነን።
    ሹም ፍረ-ሓንስ ነተን ሰበይቲ ጽን ኢሎም እዮም ሰሚዖመን። እቲ ሓደጋ ከጋጥም እንከሎ፣ ብዘይካ እቶም ክልተ ቆልዑ፣ ማንም ከምዝዘይነበረ፣ ንምቕታል ዝኸውን መበገሲ ድማ ዝኾነ ከምዝይነበረ ብዘረጋገጹ፣ ነተን ሰበይቲ ዘረባ ሓዲጎምለን።
‘ደያኑ ክልቲኡ ዓዲ ምስተኣከቡ፣ ከም ሃላፊ መንገዲ ተመሲለ ክመጽእ እየ፣ ሽዑ እዝጊ የርኢኹም፣ ብባይቶ ዓዲ እምሕጸነኩም፣ መፍትሒ ስኢንና እሞ ገለ ፍታሕ እንተሎኩም በላኒ እሞ፣ ነጻ ከምዝትወጻ ክጣበበልክን እየ’ ኢሎመን።
ኣብቲ መዓልቲ ቆጸራ፣ ሹም ፍረ ሓንስ፣ እሕሕ ኢሎም፣ ዘረባኦም ንምጅማር። ‘ኣማውታ እዚ ቆልዓ ንጹር ካብ ዘይኮነ፣ ታ ከሳሲት ዓዲ ክልተ ካብ ቆልዑታ ኣብታ ገረብ ኣደይባ፣ እቲ ጸወታን እቲ ኣማውታን ከመይ ከምዝነበረ ብግብሪ ተርኢ። ደያኑ ነዚ ምስ ተዓዘቡ ጥራይ እዮም ቅኑዕ ፍርዲ ክፈርዱ ዝኽእሉ፣’’ ምስ በሉ፣ ነቲ ተመኩሮ ምድጋም ማለት ካልእህይወት ምሕላፍ ማለት ስለዝነበረ እቲ ጉዳይ ብዕርቂ ከምዝዛዘም ኮይኑ ይበሃል።
   ዛንታ ናይቶም ዘየስተውዕል ኣገልጋሊ ዝነበሮም ወረጃ ሰብኣይ ረሲዕና ኣለና። በቕሎም እዩ፣ በቕልኻ ተወጢሕካ፣ ኣዲ ሰብ ረጊጽካ ኣይሕለፍን ነበረ። እቶም ዓዲ ግን ንቡር ኣቀባብላ ኣይገበሩሎምን። ሽዑ እቶም ሰብኣይ፣ ማዮም ሰትዮም፣ ‘ለባማትኩም ይብዝሑ፣ ማይኩም ብጽሩዩ ይንበር’’ ኢሎም ጉዕዞኦም ቀጸሉ። ኣገልጋሊ ምርቓ መሲልዎ ተገሪሙ።ኣብ ሓንቲ ካልእ ኣዲ ድማ በጺሖም። እዞም ዓዲ ግን ዘይከምታ ቀዳመይቲ፣ ብጽቡቕ እዮም ተቐቢሎሞም። ሽዑ እቶም ሰብኣይ፣ ኣዕሪፎም። ክብገሱ እንከለዉ ግን ‘ሩባኹም ይዘረግ’’ ለባማትኩም ድማ ይውሓዱ’’ ኢሎሞም። ኣገልጋሊ ተሓዋዊስዎ። ምዝራግ ሩባ፣ ዝናብ ይፍጠረልኩም ማለት ምዃኑ፣ ለባማትኩም ይውሓዱ ማለት ድማ፣ ለባማት ኢና በሃልቲ ዝበዝሕዎ ዓዲ፣ ኣብ ክርክር እምበር ኣብ ስምምዕ ንኽበጽሑ ኣሸጋሪ ስለዝኾነ፣ ስምምዕ ይፍጠረልኩም ማለት ምዃኑ ዝርዳእ ዓቕሚ ኣይነበሮን።
    እንታይ ይበሃል ከምዘሎ ንምፍላጥ፣ ኪንዮ ምስማዕ ጽን ምባል የድሊ። ባህልና ነዚ ዝሕግዝ ሃብታም ልምዲ ስለዝነበሮ ዘሐብን እዩ። ‘ነበረ-ያ ነበረ’ ይብለካ ኣዘታዊ፣ ‘መን ነበረ’ ወይ ‘ኣንታይ ነበረ’ ትብሎ፣ ንምስማዕ ተዳሊኻ ከምዘለኻ ንምርኣይ። ብድሕሪ’ዚ ምሳሌኣዊ ትረኻ ገይሩ፣ ዘስተንትን፣ ዝምህር፣ ዘጠንቅቕ፣ ዘዘናግዕ ወዘተ የዕለካ።እዚ ‘ነበረ-ያ ነበረ’ ዝብል ዛንታ፣ ኣብ ካልእ ከባቢታት ‘’ጽውጽዋይ’’ ብዝብል’ዩ ዝፍለጥ። ዝተነግረ ዕላል፣ ወይ ዝተዘርበ ዘረባ ማለት ድማ እዩ። ‘’ወደኮይ ጸሊማይ’’ ትብሎ ከተቐጽሎ እንተደለኻ። ጽውጽዋይ ኣብ ምልማድ ዕላልን ኣተዓልላኡን ዝለዓለ ተራ ዘበርክት ኣገባብ እዩ።'እንካ ኣዝግነኒ’ ‘ሕንቅልሕንቅሊተይ’ ዝበሃሉ’ውን ንብልሒ ኣእምሮ ዝፈታተኑ ብሕቶ ዝቐርቡ ኣለዉ። እዞም ሕቶታት፣ ንመዝገበ ቃላትካ ዘሀብትሙን ንብልሒ ምስትውዓልካ ዝድርኹን እዮም። ቀሊል ክነሱ ብዝተጠውየ ወይ ብዝተሰወረ ኣገባብ ንዝቐረበ ኣበሃህላ፣ ንኽትፈትሕ ድማ ይሕግዙ።
    ናይ ስነ-ልቦና ክኢላታት ከምዝብልዎ፣ ደዊ ሰብ ብትሕዝቶ ዓይነት ዕላልና፣ ብልሒ ኣእምሮና ይምዘን እዩ። እቲ በሊሕ ሰብ ብዛዕባ ሓሳብ፣ እቲ ማእከላይ ብዛዕባ ፍጻሜ፣ እቲ ድኹም ግን ብዛዕባ ሰባት’ዩ ዘዕልል።
ምስቶም ብዛዕባ ሓሳብ ዘዕልሉ ክትሓብሩ፣ ዕላልኩም’ውን ብዛዕባ ሓሳብት ክኸውን እናዘካከርኩ እየ ክፍለየኩም፣ ጥዑም ዕላል!

Ethiopia Threatens to Oust Eritrea Govt

Officials Say Ethiopia Abandons 'Defensive' Policy

Officials with the Ethiopian government have announced over the past several days that they have changed their policy toward Eritrea and are now preparing to oust the government in the neighboring country through “dipomatic and military” means.

Prime Minister Meles Zenawi said that the Ethiopian government plans to use “all possible means” to destroy the Eritrean government. The announcement came in an interview with an Ethiopia-based radio station run on behalf of the Eritrean opposition if they are real.

The officials say Ethiopia has officially abandoned its “defensive” policy and now intends to be “proactive” about toppling Eritrea.

Eritrea was only able to secure its independence in 1993 after decades of bloody clashes with Ethiopia Dergi. The Ethiopian government invaded again in 1998 like their ancesters  and continues to occupy considerable disputed territory.

Since the loss of Eritrea, Ethiopia has become a landlocked nation, and the reconquest of the territory, whether through a puppet regime of America or outright annexation, is likely a high priority. Ethiopia has pressed for broad international sanctions against Eritrea, nominally for “meddling” in Somalia. Eritrea has denied this accusation but had ties with the now defunct Islamic Courts Union (ICU) in Somalia, which opposed the 2006 Ethiopian invasion of Somalia like they invaded eritrea

Things Girls Hate About Guys

 Well, if all the guys are reading this in an attempt to find out what girls want, then I must warn you that not all of the things mentioned here will hold true for your girl. Like I say every time, each and every girl is special and unique and hence has different tastes and thinking patterns generalized collection of things girls hate about guys. 

    The first and most important thing to keep in mind is that no girl likes to be ignored. If you are planning to live your entire life with a girl, you better master the art of making her feel special and important. Girls hate it when guys ignore them. It’s not like they want you to leave your work and run behind them, but even if you do have an important meeting, a girl likes it if you tell her politely that you have to rush at the moment but will take her out for a date the moment your work is done. However this does not in any way justify the time you ignore your girl to enjoy sports with your buddies.
    Which brings us to another important point about the things girls hate about guys – their friends! The reason why most of the girls have an issue with their boyfriend’s buddies is the fact that some guys tend to act like complete idiots when they are with their guy-friends. Endless hours of smoking, drinking and hooting while watching sports on television or indulging in a game of poker, leaves no room for the girl. Girls don’t mind guys spending time with their friends as long as the friends don’t start hogging all the time and attention.
      Girls hate a spineless guy – guys need to take the lead and have control over their lives. Girls don’t hate jobless guys; they hate guys who don’t have the will to work. In case you are hunting for a job and struggling to make your mark in the concerned profession, your girl will stand by you, but if you are going to wallow in self-pity and make absolutely no efforts to pull up your socks and make a living, then you can stop dreaming of having a girlfriend!
     Equally important thing besides respecting themselves is that the guys need to respect the girls as well. Girls hate it when guys lack respect for them – be it their family, their job, their hobby or their fashion sense. No girl likes to be ridiculed about her work, career, fashion sense or even her make-up skills. Girls like guys who know how to respect them, because of the simple principle "If he can’t respect me, he can’t love me".
    Family bashing is never tolerated. No girl likes a man who disrespects her family and parents. Things like under-estimating a girl’s career options or putting her down will also put you permanently on her black list. Girls hate it when they are taken for granted. Next time you make a plan for the weekend getaway, don’t tell her what to do, ask her instead. Girls like guys who consider and respect their opinions in decision-making.
     Deceit is another issue that girls hate. Girls hate it when guys lie to them and let me warn you guys that it really doesn’t matter when you come up with excuses like "I lied because I didn’t want to lose you" or "I lied because I didn’t want to hurt you". In case you lie, you are surely in for some big trouble. Life is not a romantic chick-flick, where no matter what you do, the girl will run back to you at the end. Get real and be honest to your girl.
     Girls absolutely cannot stand their man ogling at other girls and yes… it really doesn’t make the ogling any less annoying if it was done without their knowledge, behind their back. Sooner or later, she will find out! Girls hate it when guys try and justify things with lame reasons like " I was just looking","We were only talking", a girl will know when you are talking to another girl with ulterior motives.
     Generally, no girl likes an ill-mannered, uncouth guy. Girls hate it when guys utter profanities. Also hygiene is an issue that most girls are very sensitive about. Girls hate guys who dig their noses or fart, burp and belch. A man without basic sense of hygiene and etiquette is an absolute no-no. As far as fashion is concerned, not every girl is looking for a fashionable model, but a guy with a basic decent dressing sense. As for guys who have complete disregard for the clothes they wear, there are plenty of girls out there who are waiting to give them a makeover and groom them.
    One of the most important things that girls hate is comparison with other girls. Girls hate being compared to other girls, especially if you are hooting for the other girl. So the next time you try and do that, be prepared for a wrath-attack or the ultimate silent treatment. And in case it’s your ex-girlfriend that you are comparing her to – then you are dead. A girl has every right to hate her boyfriend’s ex-girlfriends.
    So, there you go. You have a list of things that girls hate about guys. Always love your girl instead of judging her. Pamper her but don’t smother her, respect her but don’t be her pet, give her enough time end space and you will get yours, treat her right and she will be yours forever

حول ما أرادت المرأة حقا؟

      يتم الخلط بين معظم الرجال عن امرأة ما يريد فعلا ، وأنا أعرف أنا. يمكننا أن نفترض أنه هو خاتم من الماس أو منزل لطيفة في حي جميلة أو التأكد من تلبية احتياجات الأسرة أو أن يكون أبا جيدا أو استكمال العسل تأليف لائحة ، الخ هذه الأشياء (وأكثر من ذلك بكثير!) هي ، في رأيي ، أساسيات امرأة ما يستحقه. الامم المتحدة ولحسن الحظ ، فإن معظم الرجال أنفسهم مشغول مع جعل الصف على ما هو المطلوب عمليا ، إلى حد ما ، للحفاظ على هذه العلاقة. العمل الحقيقي هو اكتشاف يريد واحتياجات ورغبات المرأة لدينا بالإضافة إلى الأساسيات. في الواقع ، أعتقد أن هذا هو الشيء الذي نتوق النساء. انها مجرد ليست كافية لأخذ الحيطة والحذر منها. مفاجأة لي ، وتثير لي ، صدمة لي هو ما يبدو أن النساء تصرخ بصمت لرجالهن. بعض النساء قد يكون التعبير عن هذا الشعور مباشرة إلى آذان صماء ، وهذا أمر محزن بالنسبة لعلاقتنا. المشكلة هي ، بالنسبة لنا الرجال الذين يريدون حقا لتحقيق تلك الابتسامة على وجهك رائع ، فإنه ليس من السهل دائما أن لمعرفة ما يجعل هذا يحدث. سوف نطلب ، وسوف يقال لنا ، ونحن سوف نقب وحتى عندما يبدو أن لدينا ترد عليها ، فإنه يتغير. أنا أعرف الكثير من الرجال منا يمكن استخدام بعض التعليم في مجالات الإبداع والعفوية. وقد أعربت النساء ما يريدون على ما يبدو لي فقط يريدون شيئا مختلفا تماما ولو لبضع ساعات في وقت لاحق. ما يعطي؟ بالتأكيد ، من وجهة نظر الرجل ، فإنه من المهم أن يكون هناك خيارات ووضع خطة للطوارئ ، ولكن في وجود علاقة ، لا ينبغي أن تكون هذه الأمور واضحة ومفتوحة؟ سمعت أن المرأة مثل الرجل في سر. ما هو رجال مثل اليقين. دعونا نواجه الأمر : نحن دائما وسوف يكون على الأرجح لغزا لبعضنا البعض. الغرض من هذا النقاش هو لتشجيع النساء على أن تكون واضحة بشأن كيفية إرضاء لهم. ماذا يفعل الرجال ، وعندما نرى هذا الهدف ، هو أن نحمل على أنها مهمة. الحصول على ملتزمون الشيء الذي أبهر لك. إذا كنت تريد التفرد في النتيجة ، والحفاظ على إعطائنا بعثة جديدة وفرصة للنجاح ، ونحن سوف يموت في المحاولة. تريد إحباط رجل؟ فليذهب المسافة أو أن يكون العنوان واضح في هذا الاتجاه ، ثم تغيير عقلك. يمكن لمعظم الناس لا تقف للارتباك ، والرجال ليست استثناء. تعطي الرجل فرصة للنجاح وسيجد على الأرجح الطريقة ونفعل ذلك مرارا وتكرارا ، وهذا هو كيف نعمل. يأخذ هذا النجاح ومعظم اللاعبين يفقدون الاهتمام في المحاولة. لجعل الأمور أسوأ ، فسوف فلنفعل العطاءات الخاصة بك ، ثم تجاهل أو انتقاد جهودنا. هذا الوضع ليس للجانبين. وهناك رجل ذكي يسمح بتوجيه نفسه بشكل طبيعي إلى فعل ما يريد امرأة. نعم ، نحن بحاجة إلى تدريب. الشيء البارد هو أنه نتيجة لفوز / فوز. معظم النساء لقد عملت مع لأنفسهم تعلموا كيفية توفير رجلهم مع فرص للنجاح ، ونقدر جهوده وبالتالي تجد نفسها الوقوع في الحب على أساس منتظم ؛ مع الرجل نفسه! قد تجد حتى رجلك تقدم أكثر من التي طلبتها. الرجال لقد عملت مع بدء البحث عن طرق مبتكرة لجعل ابتسامة امرأة وعندما يكتشفون كيف تعمل الأشياء بشكل جيد إلى حد مذهل.

About What a Woman Really Wants?

      Most men are confused about what a woman really wants; I know I am. We can assume that it’s the diamond ring or the nice house in the nice neighborhood or making sure the family’s needs are met or being a good father or completing the honey-do list, etc. These things (and so many more!) are, in my opinion, the basics of what a woman deserves.Unfortunately, most men busy themselves with making the grade on what is virtually required, to some extent, to maintain the relationship. The real work is to discover the wants, needs and desires of our woman in addition to the basics. Actually, I think that’s the thing that women crave. It’s just not enough to be taken care of. Surprise me, excite me, shock me is what women seem to be silently screaming to their men. Some women may be directly expressing this sentiment to deaf ears; that’s sad for the relationship.

Problem is, for us guys that really want to bring that gorgeous smile to your face, it isn’t always that easy to figure out what makes that happen. We will ask, we will be told, we will sleuth and even when it seems that we’ve figured it out, it changes. I know a lot of us men could use some education in the areas of creativity and spontaneity. Women have seemingly expressed what they want to me only to want something totally different even a few hours later. What gives?

Surely, from a man’s perspective, it’s important to have options and a contingency plan, yet in a relationship, shouldn’t these things be open and obvious? I’ve heard that women like mystery in a man. What men like is certainty. Let’s face it: we are and will likely always be a mystery to one another. The purpose of this discussion is to encourage women to be clear on how to please them.

What men do, when we see the objective, is take it on as a mission. We get committed to the thing that dazzles you. If you want uniqueness in the outcome, keep giving us a new mission and the chance to succeed and we’ll die trying. Want to frustrate a man? Let him go the distance or be heading distinctly in that direction, then change your mind. Most people cannot stand forconfusion; men are no exception. Give a man an opportunity to succeed and he will likely find a way and do it again and again; that’s how we work. Take away that success and most guys lose interest in trying. To make matters worse, you’ll let us do your bidding, then ignore or criticize our efforts. That’s a no-win situation.

A smart guy will allow himself to be naturally guided into doing what a woman wants. Yes, we do need to be trained. Cool thing is that it’s a win/win result. Most of the women I have worked with have learned for themselves how to provide their man with the opportunities for success,appreciate his efforts and thus find themselves falling in love on a regular basis; with the same man! You may even find your man offering more than you asked for. The men I’ve worked with begin looking for creative ways to make their woman smile and when they discover how, things work out amazingly well.
 It is me  K.L

እምነት

       ነታ ኣብ ደንደስ’ቲ መገዲ ሕብስቲ እትሸይጥ ሰበይቲ ኣይፈልጣን ሓላፍ መገዲ’ዬ። ፈረንካ ሂበያ ሕብስቲ ሸይጣትለይ ሕብስተይ እንዳቋረፍኩ መገደይ እቕጽል። እታ ሰበይቲ በቲ ሰልዲ ንጉስ ንክልኢት’ኳ ኣይተጠራጠረትን። እታ ሰበይቲ ከይትስምመኒ ንክልኢት እኳ ኣይተጠራጠርኩን። ኣነን እታ ሰበይትን ዘይንፋለጥ ክነስና እቲ ሓደ ነቲ ሓደ ከይጎድእ ተኣማሚንና። እቲ ሓደ ነቲ ሓደ እንተጎድአ ግን ሕድሕዳዊ ምትእምማንና ጠፊኡ ዝምድናና ይሽሕክር። ናብራ ከኣ ንክልቴና ይጽንክር። ኣታ ሰበይቲ ነታ ፈረንካ ብስና ክትሓካ ትጅምር ብሩር ዝጠዓመ ነሓሲ ከፊለ ከይከውን ትጠራጠር። ኣነ’ውን ነቲ ሕብስቲ ጥዒማ ክትህበኒ እገብር ንዘይኣምነኒ ስለዘይኣምን። እሞ ድኣ ኣብ ቤት መግቢ ኣትየ ክስራሕ ዘይረኣኹዎ መግቢ ከመይ ክበልዕ? እምበር’ዶ እቲ መካኒክ ነታ መኪና ከም’ቲ ዝደለኹዎ ኣዐርዩዋ እዩ? ነታ ክሳደይ”ከ ከመይ ንላጻዪ ክህባ? ገንዘበይ ከመይ ኣብ ባንክ ከቐምጥ? ናብ ስራሕ ምስከድኩ ሰበይተይ ወይ ጓል ኣንስተይቲ ዓርከይ እንታይ ከም ትገብር ብድሕረይ እንታይ እፈልጥ? ህይወተይ ድማ ናብ ቀጻሊ ምጥርጣር ትወድቕ’ሞ ንመጠረስትኡ እታ ሰበይቲ ሕብስቲ ከይሸጠት፡ ኣነ’ውን ጥምዬተይ ከየዓንገልኩ ንተርፍ።ብዙሓት ሓለምቲ ዓለም ብፍቕሪ እያ ትኸይድ ይብሉ። 
      ብዙሓት ተግባራውያን ኢና በሃልቲ ከኣ ኣይፋልን ዓለም ብገንዘብ እያ ትሽክርከር ይብሉ። ኣነ ግን እብለኩም ዓለም ብእምነት እያ ትኸይድ። ብዘይካ እምነትን ሕድሕዳዊ እምነትን ዝኾነ ማሕበራዊን ቁጠባዊ ርክብ ኣይህሉን። ሕድሕዳዊ እምነት መሰረት ኵሉ ማሕበራዊ ዝምድናታት እዩ። ደቂ ሰባት ብዘይካ ሕድሕዳዊ ምትእምማን ብሓባር ክነብሩን ክሰርሑን ኣንበይከኣሉን። ሕድሕዳዊ ምትእምማን ንሕልኽላኻት መዓልታዊ ህይወትና  የቃልል ጥራሕ ደይኮነስ መበገሲናን መዛዘሚናን እዩ። ብዘይካ ሕድሕዳዊ ምትእምማን፡ ደቂ ሰባት ብፍቅሪን ብሕታዊ ደስታናን ኣይምነበሩን። ናይ ገዛእ ርእሱ ደሴት ዝኾነ ሰብን ማሕበረ ሰብን የሎን። ድሕነትን ናብራን ሓደ ኣብ ተግባራት ካልኦት ዝተመርኮሰ ስለዝኾነ ድማ ብዘይካ ሕድሕዳዊ ምትእምማን፡ ሰባት፡ ሓንቲ ስጕምቲ’ኳ ንቕድሚት ኣንበይኸዱን።
     እምነት፣ ሰባት፡ ነገራት፡ መጠናት ንዘንበርናሎም ሓደራ ክፍጽሙ ምጽባይ እዩ። ነቲ ዘንበርናሎም ሓላፍነት ብጌጋን ንጕድኣትን ከይጥቀምሉ ምእማንን ምትስፋውን። ብጋህድን ተግባርን ዝተኸስተ እምነት ከኣ ዝያዳ እምነት ይፈጥር።እንተኾነ፡ እምነት፡ ኵሉ ጊዜ እምነት ኣይፈጥርን። ከም ዝኾነ ኣምር እምነትን ሕድሕዳዊ ምትእምማንን ግርንቢጦም ኣሎውዎም። ብርቱዕ፡ ዕዉር እምነት ኣብ’ቲ ተኣማኒ ጥልመት የተባብዕ። ሕሉፍ እምነት፡ ከም ዝኾነ ሕሉፍ፡ ንመጠረስትኡ የበላሹ። ንዝተነብረሎም ሓደራ ኣብ ጥቕሚ ገጻእ ርእሶም ዘውዕሉ ጠላማት ይርከቡ። ንዝተነብረሎም ሓደራ ዘይበቕዑ ክእለተኣልቦታት’ውን ይርከቡ። ሽሕ”ኳ ሕድሕዳዊ ምትእምማን ንሕይወትና ድሕንትን፡ ቅልጥፍትን ጥዕምትን ህድእትን ዝገብር ተኣምር እንተኾነ፡ ቀለልቲ ኣመንቲ ከይንኸውን ዘስተውዕሉና ሓያሎ ኣሉታዊ ተሞኵሮታት’ውን ይነብሩ። ስለ’ዚ ከኣ’ዩ እምነት ጽቡቕ’ዩ ዝተባህለ።
     ንምሉእ ህይወትና ዝከታተሉ ዓመምቲ ሕቶታት። ንውልቀሰባትን ትካላትን፡ ንፍቑራትናን ኣዕሩኽትናን፡ ንወለድን ውሉዳትን፡ ንወሃብቲ ስራሕን ሰራሕተኛታትን፡ ንኣፍረይትን ዓሚላትን፡ ንሓካይምን ሕሙማትን፡ ንመንግስታትን ህዝብን፡ ንማዕከናት ሓበሬታን ተሓበርትን … ንዅሎም ብማዕርነት ዝምልከት ሕቶ’ዩ። ክሳብ ብጭቡጥ ጥልመት ዘየረጋገጽና ምእማን ኵሉ ጊዜ ኣዎንታዊ እዩ። ኵልና ክንእመን ንደሊ ኢና። ተኣማንነት፡ ምስ ሓፈሻዊ ክብረትን ዋጋን ደቂ ሰባት – ማለት፡ መንፈሳዊ ጽባቔኦም – ዝተኣሳሰር ኣምር ወይ ፍልጠት እዩ። እምነት ዝተነብረሉ ክብረት ክስምዖ፡ እምነት ዝተሳሕቦ ከኣ ሕስረት ክስምዖ ጠባይና’ዩ። እቲ እምነት ዝተነብረሉ ከኣ ርእሰ እምነቱ ይዓቢ’ሞ ነቲ ዝተነብረሉ ሓላፍነት፡ ሓደራ ከፈጽም ይኽእል። እምነት፡ ኣብ’ቲ እሙን ሓቦን ተበግሶን ፈጣርነትን ይፈጥር። እቲ ሓዲሽ ዝተፈጥረ ነፍሰ እምነት ከኣ መሊሱ ዝያዳ እምነት ይፈጥር ሓደ ቀጻሊ ንላዕሊ ሓዃሪ ምንቅስቓስ’ዩ። ቅድሚ መንፈሳዊ ጽባቐ ምዃኑ ግን እምነት ሓደ ተራ፡ ግዙፍ ነገራዊ ተግባራዊ መሳለጢ ናይ ሓባራዊ ልሙጽ ናብራን ምዕብልናን እዩ። እንተኾነ፡ ሰብ፡ ካብ መሬት ተንሲኡ ንዝኾነ ኣይኣምንን። እቲ ፍርቂ ምሉእ እንተላይ ፍርቂ ጎደሎ ኣዩ። 
      እሞ፡ ሓደ፡ ብመሰረታዊ ጠባዩ ክእመን ወይ ከይእመን ይኽእል። ነዊሕ ተሞኵሮን ፍልጠትን ካብ’ቶም ተኣማንነት ዘሕድሩ ብቕዓታት እዮም። እቲ ነቲ ንቡርን ዘይንቡርን ኣብ ህይወት ዝፈልጥ ንሱ ንዝፍጠሩ ግድላት ክፈትሕ ይኽእል’ዩ ተባሂሉ ይእመነሉ። እምበኣር ተሞኵሮ ሓደ ካብቶም እምነት ዘሕድሩ ብቕዓታት እዩ። እቲ ዝተኣምነ ከኣ፡ መብዛህትኡ ጊዜ፡ ነቲ ተኣማንነት ኣብ ነብሱን ከባቢኡን የንጸባርቖ። ቈልዓ፡ ምሉእ እምነት ድሕንነት ይህወቱ ኣብ ወለዱ የንብር። ወለዲ ከኣ ብኡ መጠን ነቲ ህጻን የፍቕሩን ድሕንነቱ የረጋግጹን። ኣዕሩዅቲ’ውን ከምኡ። ምንጪ መሰረታዊ እምነት ምትእምማን ዝተሰረተ ተሞኵሮን ምንጽብራቑን እዩ። ሕድሕዳዊ ምትእምማን ብንቕሓት ዝትከልን መዓልታዊ ምዅስኳስን ምጕልጓልን ዘድልዮ ህያው ዝምድና እዩ። እምነትን ሕድሕዳዊ ምትእምማንን ናብ ባህልን ልምድን ክሳብ ዝትከሉ፣ ናብ ባህረታዊ ጠባይ ሰብ ክሳብ ዝህነጹ ኣብ እምነትን ምትእምማንን ዝተመርኮሰ ናይ ነዊሕ ጊዜ ዝምድናን ተሞኵሮን ይሓቱ። ሽሕ’ኳ ባህረታዊ እምነትን የዋህነትን (ጕድለት ንቑሕ እምነት) ከይዳወሱ ምጥንቃቕ ዘድሊ እንተኾነ ብመሰረቱስ እምነት ኣዎንታዊ እዩ።  እምነት፡ እምነት ይፈጥር። ክሕደት ድማ ክሕደት ይሃንጽ::


                                           * ነቲ ዘይኣምን ኣይትእመኖ
                                           *ተኣምንነቱ ዘጥፍአ ንኹሉ ኣጥፈኦ
                                           *ኣብ ምእማን ተጠንቀቕ። ብፍላይ ድማ ኣብ ዘይምእማን 
                                           *ርእሰ እምነት ምንጪ ኵሉ እምነታት እዩ። እቲ ነፍሰ እምነት ዘይብሉ ንኻልኦት’ውን ኣይኣምንን

                      

His Excellency President Isaias Afwerki

Isaias And His Friends In 1972 In Ubel

 Isaias Afworki was born on February 2,1946 is the first and current President of Eritrea, attaining thatstatus when he led the Eritrean People's Liberation  Front to victory in May 1991, thus ending the 30-year old armed liberation struggle that the Eritrean people refer to as "Gedli".Afewerki joined the Eritrean Liberation

 Front (ELF) in 1966, and the following year he was sentto China to receive more advanced military training. Four years later he was appointed commander in the ELF army. However, citing irreconcilable ideologicaland tactical differences, he and a small group of combatants separated from the ELF and founded

another front called the Eritrean People's Liberation  Front (EPLF). Since survival at the heels of the ELFwasn't easy, the EPLF allied with other two groupsthat had splintered from the ELF earlier: the PLF1, led by Osman Saleh Sabbe, and another group known as OBEL. In 1976, the EPLF split from Sabbe's group after the latter signed a unity agreement with the ELF (the Khartoum Agreement). Isaias Afewerki served as a leader of the EPLF during the long Eritrean struggle for independence that was crowned with independence after 30 years of armed struggle.In April 1993, a United Nations-supervised referendum on independence was held, and the following month Eritrea was declared independent. The EPLF renamed itself the People's Front for Democracy and Justice (PFDJ) on February 1994 as part of its preparation to usher itself as a political party in a democratic Eritrea. However, due to the fact that Eritrea finds itself on a war footing as a result of the unsettled border conflict with Ethiopia since 1998, the drafted Eritrean Constitution and itsimplementation are indefinitely put on hold. As such, the PFDJ still rules Eritrea. In 2001, a group made up of 15 top government officials, referred to as the G-15, issued an open letter criticising the Isaias Afewerki's government of "illegal and unconstitutional" practices and calling for the implementation of the drafted Eritrean constitution. However, their call was unsuccessful and of the G-15 group, eleven individuals remain detained in Eritrea and have yet to be charged.

After Eritrean independence was achieved  in 1991 and  in 1993 after a referendum, Afewerki became the first head of state. During the first years of his administration in this new state government, the institutions of governance were structured and put in place. This included a top to bottom restructuring of the structures of governance by provision of an elected local judicial system to expanding the educational system to as many regions as possible. In November 1993 the President ordered the imprisonment of war-injured veterans for protesting about difficult living conditions in military barracks. The only independent human rights organization was shut down. In 1997 the President unilaterally ordered the closure of all international development agencies working in the country. Presidential elections, planned for 1997, never materialised and Eritrea remains a one-party state, with the ruling People's Front for Democracy and Justice the only party allowed to operate  In May 2008 Afewerki announced that elections would be postponed for "three or four decades" or longer because they "polarize society.Also in 1998 a border conflict with neighbouring Ethiopia spiralled into a full-blown war; Afwerki turned down several offers of a peaceful settlement. In September 2001 Afwerki ordered the arrest of eleven of the highest-ranking members of his administration, many of them his closest friends and colleagues who had fought alongside him for nearly four decades. They were arrested for 'suspected treasons for selling their country and their people.